Physics for Future Presidents Notes-Final Exam

Energy: the ability to do work. Work= force x displacement. Power=energy/time Power is measured in watts or horsepower. Joules/sec=watts 1hp=746w=1kw Basal metabolic rate 2000kcal/day= 100w Batteries store energy in chemical form. They release energy by pumping electrons’ through wires from the minus pole to the plus pole. Devices inbetween convert this energy to another form, Efficieny- e. motor=85%, combustion= 20% Hydrogen is not a source of energy but a means of transportation Types of energy: kinetic e(in joules)= . 5mv^2.Solar energy- 1gw per km^2 Solar energy can be turned into electricity through solar cells 15%=cheap, 40% efficiency=expensive. Caloric theory of heat=caloric fluid flows from hot object to cold. Heat engine= device to turn heat energy into useful work: heat comes from something hot but only some goes to useful work. Satellites=free fall. Ionizing radiation=energy in the form of waves or paricle Beta radiation-just an electron, wont go through skin but r eally bad inside you alpha- he2+ nucleus-wont go through skin but bad once inside. Comes from radioactive particles like lead 210 or iodine. amma- high energy photon, may go through you. neutrineos-noninteracting, come from fusion, cosmic rays-very powerful. Come from supernovas. Moves at speed of light moderator-slows neutrons b/c they are absorbed better when slow ciritical mass needed for nuclear bomb-5kg, resistence of wire depends on length, longer=more resistance. Thickness-thinner=bigger resistance, material. Escape velocity=velocity required on the surface to completely leave a planet Rcket-goes nowhere near escape velocity – drag from atmosphere is bad, goes slower but carries fuel Tin Celsius = Tin Fahrenheit ? 2 ? 5 9 Tin Fahrenheit = Tin Celsius ? 9 + 32 . 5 Nuclear energy Source of energy of energy in plants=radioactive particles such as uranium and plutonium. A chain reaction is the doubling law that takes you from small numbers to high numbers in a small number of generations. Aromic bombs are based on chain reactions of u-235 or pu-239. Plutonium is manufactured in nuclear reactors. Difficult bomb design (implosion). Hydrogen bomb=fission ignites secondary reaction that contains two isotopes of hydrogen-most dangerous part of residual radioactivity.Nuclear reactors are based the chain reaction but normally work with neutron multiplication of 1 o reaction doesn’t grow. Moderators slow neutrons so they are more likely to attract to nucleus. If moderator is lost the chain reaction stops. If it runs away and c. r. begins to grow exponentially, the slowness of the neutrons limits the size of the explosion. Since a c. r. depends on slow neutronsa cr that depends on slow neutrons cannot give rise to a nuclear explosion so therefore a reactor cannot blow up like a bomb b/c when temp increases, aroms are moving too fast for the neutrons to hit them so the c. stops. It will blow up like tnt, but 1 mil times smaller than a bomb. N reactor= d evice in which sustained c. r. takes place. Neutrons hit nucleus to cause another fusion. Power doesn’t grow, is constant. Power comes out in the form of hear. Nuclear reactors use moderators- a chemical mixed with fuel that slows down the neutrons. Isotopes are different types of atoms (nuclides) of the same chemical element, each having a different number of neutrons. Power-rate of energy release. Cookies=high energy. Tnt=high power. I kg h=1 gal gas.Heat energy (or just heat) is a form of energy which transfers among particles in a substance (or system) by means of kinetic energy of those particle. Nuclear energy= energy stored between the forces between parts of atomic nucleus. Energy=measured in calories or joules. I watt-I joule/sec. most useful kinds of energy=chemical and potential. One calor is the enrgy it takes to raise one kg of water by one degree Celsius. 4k joules=calories. Solar cells- crystals that convert sunlight directly into electricity. K energy depends on sq of v. double speed=kinetic energy increased by factor of 4.. emp is a measure of hidden kinetic energy. Disorider= entropy. Double abs temp=double pressure. Heat engine= any engine that runs by turning heat into mechanic motion. Laws: 0-objects in contact tend to reach same temp. 1- energy is conserved. 2-you can’t extract heat energy w/o temp difference- tend towards same temp 3-nothng can reach temp of abs 0. Satellite in low earth orbit=5 mi/sec. high sat=slow. Geosynchrous sat= sat that orbites in 24 hours. . blackhole=escape velocity = faster than speed of light. Big mass or lots packed into small radius . rockets fly by pushing burned fuel down. /c rocket weighs so much more fuel, the amount of velocity gained by rocket is much less than the fuel velocity so very inefficient. Gravity=attraction between two masses. Radioactivity= explosion of nucleus atom. Radiation=pieces thrown out in explosion.. chernyobyl-vessel explosded in Ukraine, radiation went all the way to stockhom. Don’t know if deaths were from radiation or regular cancer. Firefighters died from radiation45 rem receved average.. 25 rem=1% cancer chance. The hydrogen economy is a proposed system of delivering energy using hydrogen.Thinks methane is the way since ch4. he term â€Å"hydrogen economy† describes an envisioned large-scale scheme of delivering energy by means of hydrogen, particularly for â€Å"motive power† (personal cars, buses, planes, ships, etc. ). This is attractive for several reasons, among them the clean way in which hydrogen burns (it only leaves water as a residue), its high energy per weight, and the fact that fuel cells can convert hydrogen’s energy directly into electricity that subsequently powers an electric motor, with a combined efficiency exceeding that of ordinary combustion engines.Around 4:00 am on the morning of March 28, 1979, water pumps in the non-nuclear section of Three Mile Islands’ Unit 2 nuclear power pla nt stopped working. This prevented the steam generators from removing heat from the plant and initiated an automatic shutdown of the reactor. The possiblity that the melting of fuel rods could result in a release of radioactivity to the surroundings was of great concern. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission was alerted at 8:00 am and the White House was alerted at 9:15 am. By 11:00 am, all non-essential personnel were evacuated from the facility.The remaining personnel worked to bring the situation under control over the next several days. According to the U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, this accident, â€Å"was the most serious in U. S. com- mercial power plant operating history, even though it led to no deaths or injuries to plant workers or members of the nearby community. But it brought sweeping changes involving emergency response plan- ning, reactor operator training, human factors engineering, radiation protection, and many other areas of nuclear power plant operations. â €  – melted cre

Type I and Type II Diabetes

Print off this document and answer the questions at the end of both parts. On the due date for this assignment, you will form groups in class and each group will be given a separate set of questions to answer. The in-class questions will be related to the questions In this document and will be answerable If you have answered the document questions. Activity Research the general facts of diabetes to better address Mooring's concerns. Your main objectives are the following: 1.Distinguish between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes by comparing and contrasting heir definitions, bodily effects, warning signs, target groups, and current treatments in a table. Type I Diabetes* Type 2 Diabetes Definition Type 1 is caused by the body producing antibodies that attack the pancreas destroying the beta cells. Because of this the pancreas is not able to produce adequate amounts of insulin. Type 2 is caused by insufficient amounts of insulin production or a change in the resistance of tissues to the insuli n.Bodily effects (what does It cause In the body) Potential blindness or violins Impairment, neophyte (kidney damage), enumerator never damaged increased susceptibility to fugal or skin infections, foot problems, and issues with heart and blood vessels including risks of heart attack and/or stroke. Same as Type 1 diabetes with the addition of the complications with gestational diabetes in pregnant women such as upperclassman and high blood pressure. These may predispose the child to Type 1 diabetes. It may also increase the risk of Alchemist's Disease and hearing loss.Warning signs (what symptoms are seen that indicate diabetes) Weight loss even with an Increased appetite, noticeable mood changes or Increased Irritability, constant thirst followed by an Increase In urination frequency. Violins impairment and lack of energy/fatigue. Or infections and a darkening of skin on areas of the body. Target groups (what groups of people are more likely to develop DMS) People with a family his tory or are genetically predisposed. Certain viruses are linked to increased risk, such as mumps. Children between 4-7 and 10-14 are in a noticeable age group of reported cases.Additionally geographic location may also play into the risk. (being further away from the equator) People over the age of 40 or people who are overweight are in a higher risk category. Inactivity or a sedentary lifestyle can increase the risk. A family history of type 2 diabetes and race can also increase the risk. Some minority groups such as Hispanics and American Indians are more likely to develop symptoms. Current treatments Current treatments are the use of injecting insulin into the body through an insulin pump, syringe or other type of injector.Also using a balance of daily exercise, careful planning of meals and monitoring blood sugar levels. The most important treatment is a change in lifestyle. A balance of daily exercise and healthy planned meals to help weight loss and blood sugar monitoring. Som e people may still need insulin therapy or medications to help. Beers, Mark H. â€Å"Diabetes Mellitus and Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism. † The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy. Whitehorse Station, NJ: Merck Research Laboratories, 2006. 1274-285. Print. Martini, Frederic, Kathleen Welch, and William C.It also boosts TAP production and the usage of the glucose as it comes into the cell; this will also increase the glycogen formation when there is an excess amount available. Also helps with protein synthesis, amino acid absorption, and advocates will in increase the intake of glucose to assist in in the synthesis of regicides. Martini, Frederic, Judi Lindsey. Nathan, and Edwin F. Bartholomew. â€Å"Chi 18 The Endocrine System. † Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology. San Francisco: Benjamin Cummings, 2012. 621-23. Print 4.Answer the following question: Recent studies on mice have shown that fat cells produce a hormone called resisting that leads to insulin res istance. Researchers believe the gene that regulates the production of resisting is overactive in those suffering from obesity. How does this discovery correlate with Type 2 diabetes? (Explain how this is related to development of type 2 diabetes) As the fatty tissues increase the more resisting will be produced. As these 2 factors increase it will increase the insulin resistance of the cells and begin to show the early signs of Type 2 diabetes.This would explain why weight loss is an important factor in controlling diabetes. Diseases-conditions/type-2-did beets/bas CICS/risk-factors/con-20031902 1 . What should Morgan do? State what kind of diet/lifestyle changes Morgan should follow and explain why. Also briefly explain why she should not follow the other treatment routes. Include in your assessment the Atkins' Diet, a diet high in fiber and owe in saturated fat, and use of supplements containing the herb Phaedra (ephedrine). To help her choose the best diet to help her to make a life change versus Just trying a diet.It is important that she make a change that she can live with and most people don't stick to a diet over a long period of time. She will want to immediately replace her fatty snacks and foods with options that are high-fiber and low in fats. Whole grains, fresh fruits and vegetables are a good start for healthy meal options combined with limiting animal proteins and refined sugars. These steps in combination with exercise should be a big part of treating Type 2 diabetes. Based on information on the Atkins' diet I would not recommend it.Although it does help with the weight loss there are some parts of the diet that would not work with diabetes. One of the biggest risks is with ketosis and stones that are caused from the low Carr diet. Ketosis is an indication that your body doesn't have enough glucose for energy. This will cause it to use stored body fat for energy buy has unpleasant side effects that will make sticking to the diet difficult as well as releasing stones. Stones can build up over time and cause kidney damage which is already a risk with diabetes.Lastly Atkins' diet is controversial because of it being high in saturates fats that can over time cause issue with the cardiac system. Supplements can be beneficial but Just because it's over the counter does not mean that it is safe. Ephedrine is general is known to have some benefits but also known to have dangerous side effects in high does. Risks of stroke, high blood pressure, and retention of urine are all things that would already be risks of the diabetes but increased by its usage.

Analyzing Jack Londons White Fang English Literature Essay

Analyzing Jack Londons White Fang English Literature Essay Jack London was an American author who wrote quite a few books. The main focus of this paper will be on White Fang, one of his more popular books. Jack London’s White Fang exhibits his naturalist way of thinking, when discussing how the environment and natural world around him is able to raise society and exhibit the deeper truths. Throughout the book there are many references to naturalism with the use of symbols and metaphors. He also uses survival of the fittest and romanticism as major themes. Jack London uses the theme of Naturalism all through the book of white fang. Naturalists were people who view life strictly from a scientific point of view. In turn this means that Jack London thought that man and other creatures were molded by their genetics and what they were around or where they lived. The environmental theme is indicated at the start of White Fang as London vibrantly describes the landscape, ironically combining a foreboding hostility with an ominous sorrow. Jac k London wrote this book with biological as well as social determination. London insists that although Beauty Smith was â€Å"a monstrosity the blame of it lay elsewhere. He was not responsible (GradeSaver Editors)†. White Fang’s heredity is carefully defined as three fourths wolf and one fourth dog leading up to the fight within him between his sophisticated impulses and his untamed ones. London is also careful to stick to traditional facts of a White Fang’s life cycle in his early years. The nature of life was another major theme in white fang and London seemed inattentive in it. Many 19th-century readers and thinkers had this theme on their minds. In 1859, Charles Darwin pressed on ideas that came to be known as â€Å"survival of the fittest†. About a half-century later, London published this novel, which may be read as a â€Å"taking to task† of such â€Å"social Darwinism.†(Novelguide editors) The change that takes place in White Fang a t Weedon Scott’s start shows that love is the greatest power of all. With Darwin’s ideas in mind, Jack London wrote many books, the one I’m referring to is white fang. Natural selection is embodied by white fang. From the opening he is the strongest, the only one to survive the famine. His strength and intelligence make him alpha dog in the Indian camp. While defending Judge Scott, White Fang takes three bullets but is able to survive(GradeSaver Editors). He learns how to scrap with the other dogs, he learns to befriend new masters, and, finally, he learns what love is and is tamed by Weedon Scott. If White Fang explores the meaning of life, then it must also explore the meaning of civilization. It does so through the character of Beauty Smith. Beauty Smith stands as an quarrel against the distortions of Darwinism, the validation of the weak and powerless utilization at the hands of the strong and powerful; and an attempt to free individuals from the responsibil ity to exercise their own will by an appeal to a fixed destiny. Smith is the product of harsh experiences. Like White Fang, his clay has been roughly shaped. Even so, Smith has had and most probably still has choice about how to respond to his environment with a choice, for instance, whether or not to justify his existence by harming men and beasts less powerful than he. White Fang, in order to survive, does not. This marks the biggest contrast between the two characters. It also elevates the novels overarching likeness on the fight of life, however, for even as Smith is wrongly exercising his power, White Fang is rightly exercising his to continue to live: â€Å"He had too great vitality. His clutch on life was too strong† to continue to resist Smith (GradeSaver Editors). Ironically, he shows power through compliance. Thus, if Smith was a civilized man, he would know that he should treat White Fang better.

Equal Opportunities versus Managing Diversity Essay

Equal Opportunities versus Managing Diversity - Essay Example In the rapidly growing world, when legal aspects of such facets in organizations are highly managed, it becomes even more important to ensure that diversity and equal opportunity are maintained. The paper is aimed at discussing of two elements in which equal opportunity and managing diversity are evaluated, and a comparison is given as to what is more important and why. The theme of the paper is to evaluate two elements against each other and build a case as to what is and what should be more important for organizations. Equal Opportunity Equal opportunity relates to fair treatment of groups of employees in order to ensure that there is no discrimination. Various categories or groups of employees against which discrimination can be implied include gender, race, ethnicity, class, age, disability, previous offenses and arrests and even sexual orientation. This discrimination may be direct or it may be indirect as well. To illustrate, discrimination against race in the direct sense woul d be when one set of people are treated unfavorably against others. Indirect discrimination would be when a particular group of people is treated unequally by promoting equal rights to all other groups of people, for example bans on different types of clothing for a particular group of people. ... ote that concerns for equal opportunity are at all stages of employment, from hiring to transfers to training and from promotions, benefits, perks, procedural actions, like grievance handling and disciplinary actions, as well as dismissal. In each scenario, it is important that discrimination is avoided within the organization as it affects productivity and efficiency within the organization (Braham et al., 1981). It is worth noting that there are various areas in which discrimination is a regular feature. For example, studies indicate that on an average, a woman earns relatively less in terms of salary and benefits in comparison to a man. This is primarily because of segregation in choosing a woman for a job, stating that there are various other benefits assigned to a female like maternity leaves, etc (Smith, 1979; Vickers, 1991). In addition, women are considered mainly for temporary or part-time jobs while high end jobs are discriminated against and preference is given to the male counterpart (Gilory, 1993). Several researchers indicate typical conditions for women that are considered to be unskilled labor, services, little overtime, more vacation days and days-off, part-time work etc. This is generally considered as to how women work in organizations. Typically, other discriminatory factors are aimed at race and ethnicity, for example people from the thirdworld countries are typically blue-collar workers, are less skilled and can be given less payment to work more hours (Sloan &Siebert, 1980). Various researchers have conducted studies where it has been revealed that racial and ethnic minorities are discriminated against, where unemployment, particularly long-term, is high, because they are considered as less skilled or qualified and, as a result, this

Ice Fili Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ice Fili Analysis - Essay Example The international players such as Nestlà © and the others mostly sold the product through franchised restaurants and cafà © networks. The Russian ice cream industry weathered rough storms with the events like the collapse of the former Soviet Union, the 1998 financial crisis, adoption and implementation of an open market policy and the resultant influx of a large number of foreign investors making the competitive scenario extremely difficult to survive for the local ice cream manufacturers such as Ice Fili. Offered 170 different varieties of ice cream products as opposed to the limited number of products offered by the regional manufacturers which predominantly sold ice creams in vanilla and chocolate flavors. Added almost 20 new products to its value chain every year. Had the required management expertise, technological know-how, financial resources as well as a good understanding of the Russian markets that helped it in surviving the two most challenging phases in Russian history – the introduction and implementation of the Open Market Policy and the financial crisis of 1998. Devaluation of the economy during the 1998 financial crisis leading to increased reliance on local suppliers instead of imported goods, which lead to major cost savings. Also, the financial crisis lead to a forced exit of several major competitors such as Baskin Robbins, Ben and Jerry’s, Unilever etc Development of new local supplier base engaged in manufacturing ice cream production equipment, thereby leading to major cost savings that would otherwise have been spent on importing expensive pieces of equipment from international markets Sale of ice creams in restaurants contributed to 3% of sales was a relatively less explored market and could be exploited to gain the first mover advantage.

Carrico Ending 42 Years On High Court Research Paper

Carrico Ending 42 Years On High Court - Research Paper Example Appointed judiciary members, unlike elected ones, are likely to be impartial. Effective judiciary systems are those that consist of appointed judges because they do not have to seek popularity among the masses, unlike the elected judges do. Mandatory retirement provisions ensure that the judiciary remains effective in delivering quality public service. They establish racial and gender equality among male and female, white and non-white judges. These provisions allow for continuity in the judiciary with the incorporation of fresh talent from young judges. Carrico Ending 42 Years on High Court Ethical advantages and disadvantages of an appointed vs. an elected judiciary There is a current tag of forces in various American states as they consider switching from appointing their members of judiciary to electing them. One of these States is Tennessee, where the judicial bench has always been appointed since the 1970s, but the system is being flawed by conservative legislators whose opinio n is that appointed judges are unaccountable to the electorate. Accountability is thus one of the greatest advantages of an elected judiciary as opposed to an appointed one. ... Besides, majority of the public is disinterested in judicial elections and would not give them the attention given to presidential elections, for example. This means that the current judges who would be most profound would be easily believed by the public leading to voting back incumbent judges regardless of their suitability for the positions. On the other hand, appointed judges are in a better position to do their work in a non-partisan manner, without their rulings being influenced by the opinions of their electorate. Electing members of the judiciary thus has a disadvantage of influencing elected judges to rule in favor of popular opinion (Packer, 2007). Putting judges in a position to seek votes from the public also means that they have to seek funds to drive their campaigns. Those who grant them funds would often have vested interests in the judges perhaps to influence the outcome of certain cases, which creates a opportunity for corruption in the electoral system of the judici ary. Appointing judges for lengthy periods of time or for a lifetime has also been a successful way of running the judicial system as in the case of retiring Chief Justice Carrico, who has served at the high court for 42 years without compromising his standards of service. When members of the judiciary are appointed for lengthy periods, they are not put in any compromising situation to woo the public and other supporters for anything. This ensures that they carry on their duties with diligence without compromising their duties and positions. This has been successful with Carrico and it can be with other judges as well, as long as periodic performance reviews are carried out to determine whether they remain on the bench or not. Ethical advantages of

Management of Technology report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words - 1

Management of Technology report - Essay Example Most companies will always need to keenly evaluate any technological product before actually accepting to use it. This arises because most of these products are always expensive and the risk creates the need to effectively evaluate the products before accepting to purchase or use them. In the introduction of a new product based on a new technology in a risk-averse market, the sales department must drastically change to suite the situation. The sales people will shift from taking orders to building relationships with the potential clients and becoming educators and coaches. They must keenly understand all the risks involved and work towards mitigating such risks. They must recognize that clients are always scared of change and must therefore be totally convinced on the importance of the new product. It is further important to share as much research as possible about the industry with the clients in order to give them your own perspective on why they need to adopt the new product. Indeed, technology has a rage of definitions all of which highlight a number of factors about its characteristics. In a way, technology is basically a type of knowledge which is usually embodied in a physical artifact such as a component, machine or a system. The difference between this knowledge and the general knowledge is the act that technology is applied and therefore focuses on know-how. Technology is usually associated with science and engineering. To enhance its effective application within a system, technology must be understood in the context of new product development and innovation. More importantly, it should be considered with respect to factors like organizational development and structures and knowledge networks. While technology can be very helpful for an organization, a failure to manage it properly can always be detrimental to the very organization. In this respect, it must be understood that managing technology involves both explicit and tacit knowledge.

GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES ON INNOVATION AND CREATIVITY Essay - 1

GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES ON INNOVATION AND CREATIVITY - Essay Example The role of PSI was to demarcate the areas that required improvement or modifications. The issues identified by PSI were not specific to CVS; rather, it included the complaints from customers regarding cancellation of orders, and wastage of time at the pick-up spot. Analyzing the situation and its complication, the first question that comes in the mind is what could be the solution, or what steps must be taken in order to make the difference? Since the problems are common with other pharmacy stores, it demands something innovative, and in this regard, one has to answer the question, could disruptive innovation and quality management help in overcoming the difficulties of this company? Companies can innovate three ways. Firstly, New and Improved products should be introduced to target the high-margin customers to whom old products are not satisfying enough. Secondly, to the customers who can’t afford much, cheap alternatives should be launched of the existing expensive products which can fulfil their requirements without being a burden to their pockets, and lastly, new products should be introduced in order to create new markets and bring fresh consumers. (Christensen et al., 2004) Disruptive innovation refers to mode of expanding and establishing new customer base, by adding services or introducing newer products and technology that may disrupt the existing market linkages. In contrast to disruptive innovation there is sustainable innovation that does not affect the existing market linkages; rather it aims at adding value to the products or services. However, defeating incumbents with sustainable innovation is very hard. The problems with CVS are common in almost all the companies that deal in pharmaceuticals. Furthermore, the margin for innovation remains very narrow, because the stakes are too high, and the safety of the customer is top priority. The problems

Executive summary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Executive summary - Assignment Example Gripper company roadmap starts with our specific mission, which is lasting. It declares our purpose as an organization and serves as the standard against which we assess our decisions and actions. Our mission is to improve safety in the world; to inspire optimism and happy moments and to create a value and make the difference. Our core objectives are to increase sales over the next two years, to improve our gross margin over the current line of product and maintain the level, to meet the market demand at a high gross margin. Our near and long term goals is the Growth of our company with the development of new and quality products, moving our operations to many countries, selling products at a cheap price and producing quality products over our rivals. Gripper Company is a regional company that sells its products on wholesale to its retail customers. The percentage of our gross margin is above average with many customers coming from within the country. The company hopes to become an international company within two years. It is an anti-slip treatment that is proven to make wet floors slip resistant. It brings about non-slip tile floors, bathtubs, or non-slippery shower floors in minutes. It prevents slip-fall accidents in bathrooms, kitchens, workplaces hotels or anywhere with a slippery tile floor (Pinson and Linda

Company Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Company Analysis - Research Paper Example Therefore, from a marketing perspective, the name ‘Hooter’ by the company represents class of restaurants rendering special services to customers mainly young men through young women who are mainly the waitresses. The parent company is the Hooters, Inc comprises of two restaurant companies; Hooters of America and the Hooters spread in over for hundred and thirty five locations worldwide. Apart from the foods and drinks, the company has also been involved some other activities in the past that have had their share in the success of the company. In between 1988 and 2011, Hooters sponsored sporting activities ranging from boat racing in Formula one to Hooters Golf Pro tour. Back in 2003, Hooters launched the Hooters Air Airline that was believed by many to have the prettiest stewardesses in the history of air transport. Hooters Company also runs several casinos in various major cities of the world (Graver 1-3). According to Brizek (2-3), the founders of the Hooters Company were three young men who saw the need to start a restaurant that would satisfy the needs of men. Therefore, in their minds the main target population was young men. This is clear and evident that Hooters Company targets young men in the market that is why the company uses the young girls- Hooter girls as their public figure. The company targets young men of approximately ages twenty five to thirty five years consisting of working class individuals as well as young rich business guys around the world. This is why Hooters restaurants cut across different religions; Christianity, Islamic and even Hinduism. These are the individuals with fancy lifestyles. Nevertheless, Hooters restaurants are widely spread in different states of the world targeting different nationalities such as the Americans both from North and Suoth America, Britons, Japanese, Chinese and

Road Accidents Essay Example for Free

Road Accidents Essay Road accidents are increasing every day and especially in Christmas, summer holidays or weekends. Lots of people lose their lives on the roads and it is very difficult to resolve this problem which affects almost to the whole world. Not only the people can die, they can be injury and don? t get to recover of their wounds in all their lives. There are several causes of road accidents and I ´m going to mention some of them that I think they are the main causes: don’t respect the speed limit, drive drunk, drive many hours without rest, don’t put attention at the road, don’t be patient, bad conditions of roads, bad weather (snow, flog, rain,†¦), and there are more but I think that these are the most important. Firstly if we want to solve this problem, we have to realize that to drive is not a play. We manage a machine very dangerous that it could kill anybody and there laws that we have to carry out. Everybody like to buy a big car that it can run a high speed but we have to realize that we must respect the speed limits because the fact that we have a good car don’t give us the right to drive at the speed that we would like to drive. Not only we have to drive well when we getting the drive license also after we have just got the license driving. The Government must improve the roads, the fines must be higher because I think that it is the unique way the people respect the laws and parents and teachers must to teach and encourage to their children how they will have to drive when they have a car. Nowadays there are a lot of improvements that they make driving safer than ten years ago. Cars are safer because they have many devices that they help us to drive and in case of accident they look after our lives. Ten years ago only the most expensive cars have airbags, nowadays all cars not only have one airbag rather they have four or more airbags. Car? s breaks are so good that you can stop your car almost in the same distance in a wet road than in a dry road. The cars are safer now than years ago but now there are much more cars and the possibility of accident is higher. Also it would be important to put more crash barriers on the roads to avoid much harms when the motorcyclist fall down on the roads. The roads have improved a lot but I think that it is not enough. It? s true that there are more highways but there are a lot of secondary roads that they need to improve because the majority of drivers in my country, use every day these kinds of roads. Finally I want to mention that it is in our hands to reduce the roads accidents and it is very sad to lose any relative or friend because somebody doesn’t respect the laws.

Reading in the English Literary Heritage-response to Shakespeare Essay Example for Free

Reading in the English Literary Heritage-response to Shakespeare Essay Write an essay, which focuses on the character of Lady Macbeth as presented in act five, scene one and the scenes leading up to the murder of King Duncan. In act five, scene one the audience sees one of the many facets of Lady Macbeths complex character as she is seen to be sleepwalking, while being carefully observed by her waiting gentlewoman and a doctor of physic. Her gentlewoman introduces this deranged behaviour, when she says, Lo you, here she comes. This is her guise and, upon my life, fast asleep. There are many possibilities to be explored that could be found to be the impetus bringing Lady Macbeth to sleepwalk. The first being that in Shakespeares time a person found to be sleepwalking meant that evil spirits and demons possessed them. Lady Macbeth played a forceful role in the scheming, leading up to the murder of Duncan and was heavily involved in the event itself. In act two, scene two; exasperated with Macbeth, Lady Macbeth takes the daggers to smear Duncans blood on his servants faces. The sight of Duncans blood has had a profound effect on her and in act five, scene one this becomes apparent when she says in her sleep, Yet who would have thought the old man to have had so much blood in him. In saying this line she is remembering and reflecting on the moment of when she placed the bloody daggers next to the guards. She is thinking about how much Duncan bled. The image of Duncans blood on the daggers and on her hands has stuck in her mind and is plaguing her thoughts, so much so that she is desperate to be cleansed. The crime is lying very heavily on her conscience and her heart and she longs to be cleansed of the blood, which is symbolic of her guilt at the deeds she has committed. While in a frantic, frenzy she says, Out damned spot! Out, I say! Whilst delivering this line, Lady Macbeth excessively rubs her hands in a washing motion. Although this is not a stage direction in the play, it is implied by the gentlewomans line, It is an accustomed action with her, to seem thus washing her hands. This action of Lady Macbeth suggests that her conscience and imagination are deceiving her causing her to have an illusive image of her hands covered in blood. She is trying to erase herself of the guilt she now feels at murdering Duncan. Although in Act two, scene two Lady Macbeth, says to Macbeth, A little water clears us of this deed. By this she means that with water the blood will wash off and they can forget that the murder ever happened. However, in act five, scene one she is distressed because she cant get rid of the vision of blood and the feeling of guilt. She says, What, will these hands neer be clean? This rhetorical question is almost a statement from Lady Macbeth in a state of desperation questioning whether she will ever be able to be rid of the guilt at what she has done. All throughout this scene Lady Macbeth is in a state of mental turmoil and most of her deepest, most private thoughts and feelings are revealed. Subtly this illustrates how men and women in Shakespeares time had vastly different roles. Lady Macbeth has no one to talk to with a head full of anxieties, regrets and confusion. She is isolated and alone. Her thoughts about the murder and how distant Macbeth has become are driving her mad, which is manifested by her sleepwalking. Whereas Macbeths fears are displayed in act three, scene four at a banquet, when Macbeth is unnerved at his minds illusion of Banquos ghost. These feelings of Macbeth are shown at an extremely public event, a banquet surrounded by all his lords and important men in society. However Lady Macbeths fears are revealed in the private setting of her bedroom. She has to be much more conservative than Macbeth as it is her role to be publicly stable. Macbeth is permitted to expose his true sentiments, because he is king and furthermore because he is a man. In the time before the murder, Lady Macbeth loved life and she and Macbeth had the perfect partnership. They saw each other as equals and were both ambitious and secure in their relationship and their position in society, although Lady Macbeth was continuously striving for more. Despite all this, after the murder they have drifted apart. They no longer control things together and the emotional distance between them means Lady Macbeth fears what her tyrant husband will do next because she feels she no longer knows him as she once did. Evidence of this can be found in the fragmented language she uses when sleepwalking, that echoes her own and Macbeths words about past murders: Duncan, Lady Macduff and Banquo. Her tortured imagination peregrinates over past conversations she has had with Macbeth. At first she ponders on the murder of Duncan, One, two. Why then tis time to dot. Which is referring to what Macbeth says to her in act two scene two, just before he goes to carry out the murder, I go and it is done. The bell invites me. Then she turns her attentions to the murder of Lady Macduff and her children, she says, The thane of Fife had a wife. Where is she now? Following this she relives what she says to Macbeth at the banquet in reassurance to convince him that he cant see Banquo. Banquos buried; he cannot come out ons grave. However, Lady Macbeth continuously goes back to the murder of Duncan, which implies that compared to the other murders she was most affected by it. This is because she was heavily involved so it was when her state of mind and all the different aspects of her life changed suddenly and dramatically. Repeatedly Lady Macbeth restates lines that she said to Macbeth in a desperate attempt to re-establish the connection that she and Macbeth once had. As Macbeth no longer seems to exist for her, she has become extremely isolated and in saying lines such as, Come, come, give me your hand. She is yearning for the security of her own marriage. While sleepwalking, Lady Macbeth carries with her a candle. As suggested in her gentlewomans line, She has light by her continually, tis her command. Lady Macbeth is frightened of darkness and always needs the security of light around her. This may be because Duncans murder was committed at night in darkness and she is frightened of his ghost or of being murdered herself in darkness. However it is a strong contrast to the start of the play, Act 1 Scene 5 where she pleads for darkness, so she and Macbeth can murder Duncan. Come, thick night, and pall thee in the dunnest smoke of hell, that my keen knife see not the wound it make. It is also a contrast of the personality and state of mind of Lady Macbeth; at the beginning of the play she is a strong, confident, motivated and ambitious woman and the driving force behind Macbeth. However as the play develops she becomes less assertive, and more unsettled. Lady Macbeth thought that once the murder of Duncan was accomplished and completed, it would be finished and she and Macbeth would become successful rulers of Scotland. She reflects on this thought in act five, scene one, by saying, Who knows it, when none can call our power to account? Nevertheless only one part of this dream of the future has come to life and that is that she and Macbeth are rulers of Scotland. Duncans murder was far from the end of that series of events for Lady Macbeth; instead it has provoked lots and changed everything. The sleepwalking portrays this and shows that she is unsettled, maybe because of her unfulfilled dreams. The audience is shown another feature of Lady Macbeths character in act five, scene one. Her sentiments are expressed with a simplistic use of language, with the use of prose as opposed to verse. For example, Heres the smell of blood still; all the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand. O, O, O. This uncovers what Lady Macbeth is truly feeling in her heart and head. Her human emotions are also demonstrated about her regret at the amount of bloodshed, and the audience sees her as not just a manipulator but as scared, vulnerable and confused woman. Her gentlewoman says in sympathy for her, I would not have such as heart in my bosom for the dignity of the whole body. The presence of the doctor and the waiting gentlewoman add to the effectiveness of this scene by the way they react to what Lady Macbeth is doing and saying. When the doctor realises what Lady Macbeth is reliving and saying about the murders he is unsure, horrified and cant make sense of it. Whereas the waiting gentlewoman already knew about the murders from Lady Macbeths sleepwalking in the past and she knows she could be in serious trouble if the doctor tells anyone what he has discovered. She says to the doctor, Neither to you, nor anyone, having no witness to confirm my speech. However the doctor and the waiting gentlewoman are both innocent onlookers on the situation and have mixed emotions. Whereas they are both horrified at what they hear, they cant make sense of it and feel pity for Lady Macbeth and how troubled she is. The doctor says, My mind she has mated and amazed my sight. And, The heart is sorely charged. This all adds to the effectiveness of the scene because it shows a normal persons reaction to what has happened to Lady Macbeth, which also shows a contrast to the audience between her uneasy and almost insane character and that of a sane, rational person. This enhances Lady Macbeths character for the audience. Further more when the doctor says, This disease is beyond my practice. More needs she the divine than the physician. There is a feeling of sadness and sympathy from him. This provokes the same feelings from the audience. In the first half of the play the audience saw Lady Macbeth as a strong, female character, (relative to Shakespeares times) and now they see that she has a tyrant of a husband, who has no conscience and she is bearing all the guilt of their actions for both of them. I believe that Shakespeare wanted to affect the audience in this scene and make them have some sympathy for Lady Macbeth. The dramatic function of the presence of the doctor and waiting gentlewoman in this scene is to narrate to the audience the scenes events and explain to them what is happening. The doctor gives detailed descriptions of what is happening, for example, Look how she rubs her hands. It is then the waiting gentlewoman who commentates further and emphasizes the events, and also adding some further information, beyond the scene, such as, It is an accustomed action with her, to seem thus washing her hands; I have known her continue in this a quarter of an hour. This gives the audience additional information about the events, which increases the effect of the scene because it is delving into the reasons of Lady Macbeths increasing uneasiness. One could consider that Shakespeares dramatic purpose of placing this scene at this point in the play is to show the transformation and variation in Lady Macbeths character. Prior to this scene in the play the audience sees Lady Macbeth as a strong, ambitious, female. Throughout act five, scene one Shakespeare reminds the audience of the past events leading up to the murder of Duncan and how Lady Macbeth has come to be so disrupted, unsettled and disturbed. The scene summarizes previous events, while also depicting Lady Macbeths state of mind to the audience and showing the transformation of her character. Act five, scene ones dramatic purpose is to be in a position to be able to be a conclusive scene of the beginning of the plays events, before moving on to the downfall of Macbeth. The opening scene of the play grabs the audiences attention as three witches appear on stage. The witches would have scared an audience in Shakespeares times because they was a strong belief in superstition but nowadays it takes a lot more to scare an audience. In act one, scene one; briefly the witches arrange a meeting with Macbeth on a heath. When shall we three meet again? In thunder, lightning, or in rain? To which the reply is, Upon the heath. There to meet with Macbeth. In act one, scene two Macbeth is instantly introduced as a heroic, strong character by the Captain of a battle, in which Macbeth defeats the rebel enemy Macdonald, personally killing him against the odds. For brave Macbeth-well he deserves that name-disdaining fortune, with his brandished steel, which smoked with bloody execution. Reflecting on this King Duncan sentences a traitor, the Thane of Cawdor and awards this title to Macbeth. No more that Thane of Cawdor shall deceive. Go pronounce his present death and with his former title greet Macbeth. What he hath lost, noble Macbeth hath won. The witches are re-introduced to the audience in act one, scene three, this time on the heath in foul weather, which serves to increase the dramatic effect. They are waiting for Macbeth to come. The witches are evil women, who plan to use their power. As they wait for Macbeth they plot to torment a sea captain whose wife has tormented them, by describing terrible things, which makes the start of the scene quite violently disturbing, with a threatening atmosphere. Macbeths arrival is signalled by a drum, A drum, a drum; Macbeth doth come. Says the third witch. As Macbeth enters for the first time in the play, with fellow warrior Banquo, his initial words are, So foul and fair a day I have not seen. Immediately this establishes a connection between Macbeth and the witches, as their lines in the opening scene were, Fair is foul, and foul is fair. Also the witches are called the weà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½rd sisters, and in Anglo-Saxon mythology, weà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½rd sisters were the goddesses of destiny who predicted the future. When Macbeth and Banquo enter they are puzzled as to what these beings are with such a revolting appearance, Banquo describes them, So withered and so wild in their attire, that look not like thinhabitants othearth. Each at once her choppy finger laying upon her skinny lips; you should be women and yet your beards forbid me to interpret that you are so. What happens next is very significant for the rest of the play. The witches prophecy about Macbeth and his future and then at his request, Banquo, All hail Macbeth, hail to thee, Thane of Glamis. Thane of Cawdor. That shalt be king hereafter. They predict that Macbeth will have these titles and that Banquos descendants will be kings, but he himself will not. Thou shalt get kings, though thou be none. Then refusing to answer Macbeths questions the witches vanish in front of Macbeth and Banquo, leaving them shocked, bewildered and discombobulated. The witches come to Macbeth at exactly the right moment and place to shock him. He is fresh from the killings at the battle and his raw ambition is hungry for greater things. The witches introduce these things to him by speaking his innermost thoughts and tempting him with his own aspirations and predilections. Macbeth and Banquo are both left to reflect on what the witches have just said to them and to try to make some sense of it when Ross enters, telling Macbeth of his new title, Thane of Cawdor, He bade me, from him, call thee Thane of Cawdor: In which addition, hail most worthy thane, for it is thine. This shocks Macbeth, as he says, almost accusingly, Why do you dress me in borrowed robes? Then, later in the scene three, Macbeth exposes his initial thoughts in an aside to the audience about the witches prophecy and how there moral implications have affected him. Macbeths mind is in turmoil, as he battles with his conscience and his desires over how he should behave in response to the witches prophecy. He is disturbed and horrified at the thought of killing Duncan, as they have great respect for each other, but he desperately wants to become king, that is his deepest ambition and desire, Why do I yield to that suggestion, whose horrid image doth unfix my hair and make my seated heart knock at my ribs against the use of nature? However he resolves with himself to accept the future and the changes it will bring, If chance will have me king, why chance may crown me without my stir. Whereas Banquo uses the imagery of clothes to elucidate Macbeths, rapt. He says, New honours come upon him like our strange garments, cleave no to their mould, but with the aid of use. During act one, scene four, Duncan reveals and announces that his own son, Malcolm is to be heir to the throne. This irritates and appalls Macbeth; if Duncan had not named Malcolm as his heir, the thanes would have elected the next king after Duncans death, and as Macbeth is a honoured warrior, there was a possibility he would have been elected. The audience sees another facet to Macbeths character when in an aside he says about his annoyance, That is a step on which I must fall down, or else oerleap, for in my way it lies. Stars, hide your fires, let not see my black and deep desires, the eye wink at the hand. These lines really seal Macbeths evil intentions and it is maybe what makes him decide, definitely that he will be king, whatever the consequences are for others and him. When the audience first sees Lady Macbeth in act one, scene five, she is reading Macbeths letter in which his meeting with the witches is described to her, They met me in the day of success, and I have learned by the perfectest report they have more in them than mortal knowledge. In reading the letter further, Lady Macbeth learns of the witches prophecy and that the first, that Macbeth will become Thane of Cawdor has been fulfilled almost right away. Previously Macbeth has demonstrated his disgust at the thought of the murder of Duncan and the consequence and repercussions it would have. After reading the letter Lady Macbeth reinforces these emotions and thoughts by saying in her first soliloquy, Glamis thou art, and Cawdor, and shalt be what thou art promised. Lady Macbeth knows her husband is ambitious and passionate about his dreams of kingship, but she also knows and feels that he is too fair and conscientious about what is wrong and what is right. She says, I do fear thy nature it is too full othmilk of human kindness to catch the nearest way. We know Lady Macbeth and Macbeth are great partners, who share everything, and know each other inside- out, and this is confirmed in Macbeths letter when he refers to her as, My dearest partner of greatness. However, taking this into account Lady Macbeth realises that to become queen of Scotland and to realise her own and Macbeths dreams she will have do or sacrifice anything to get this. She says, What thou wouldst highly, that wouldst holily; wouldst not play false, and yet wouldst wrongly win. Saying this it appears as though Lady Macbeths naked ambition is almost stronger than her husbands. She seems to disregard morals in order to get what she wants and has unbelievably strong willpower and determination. Once she has decided Macbeth will be king, then she starts to introduce supernatural forces and the idea of inviting in evil spirits to help her succeed. That I may pour my spirits in thine ear and chastise with the valour of my tongue. It is when Lady Macbeth is told of Duncans plans to visit the castle that her ambition and wickedness bloom and become very apparent. She knows that this is her chance to seize the moment and facilitate Macbeths future role as king of Scotland. In her second soliloquy she summons up her evil spirits in the form of magic to assist her with her murderous plans for Duncan. She refers to a raven, which is a bird, seen as an evil omen and then she says, Come, you spirits that tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here and fill me from the crown to the toe top full of direst cruelty; make thick my blood, stop up thaccess and passage to remorse. In saying this, it is clear that she no longer just wants to be an ambitious and dominant woman, her desire is to become evil personified, pitiless and with no sense of morals. She says, Come to my womans breasts and take my milk for gall, you murdring ministers. She is saying that she wants her breasts to be full of poison, rather than the milk of human kindness. Which is what she described Macbeth as having. Lady Macbeth closes her speech with triumph, summoning night, death and hell. She pleads for a disguise for the crime that she and Macbeth will commit. Come, thick night, and pall thee in the dunnest smoke of hell, that my keen knife see not the wound it makes, nor heaven peep through the blanket of the dark. Lady Macbeth almost seems to have changed from an ambitious, forceful woman into an evil woman, harbouring evil spirits and thoughts. However in reality she is still a mortal woman, whose actions will cause her to suffer great consequence and remorse. As Macbeth enters, Lady Macbeth greeting echoes that of the witches. Great Glamis, worthy Cawdor, Greater than both by the all-hail hereafter. This suggests that she now has formed a connection with the dark side and that evil spirits really are deeply entwined in her thoughts and actions. The instant she starts a conversation with Macbeth, she makes it clear what is going to happen to Duncan that night, O never shall sun that morrow see. She is implying in her words that after that night Duncan will never see sunlight again, because he will be dead. Lady Macbeth instructs Macbeth to, Look like thinnocent flower, but be the serpent undert. She makes an analogy, in which she compares Macbeth to be a serpent, which is biblically an evil creature. Then she takes control of the situation and Macbeth with a strong sense of purpose and character that is ruthless, To alter favour ever is to fear. Leave all the rest to me. When Duncan arrives at the castle in scene six Lady Macbeth confidently leads him inside and to his death with a sense of triumph. Your servants ever have theirs, themselves, and what is theirs in count to make audit at your highness pleasure, still to return to your own. However during this time, leading up to the murder Lady Macbeth continuously has to reinforce her plans, courage and strong will onto Macbeth, who shows reluctance in accepting it. At the start of scene seven, Macbeth is seen to be agonising relentlessly with his conscience over killing Duncan and the consequences it will incur. He wrestles with his conscience, saying, If it were done when tis done, then twere well it were done quickly. Then he has a change of heart saying, Hes here in double trust: First, as I am his kinsman and his subject, strong both against the deed; then as his host, who should against his murderer shut the door, not bear the knife myself. This private reasoning continues until, finally Lady Macbeth appears and puts a stop to it. At first Macbeth refuses to do the murder, saying, We will proceed no further in this business. However his efforts are wasted on her as she turns angrily on him and we see her become a manipulating, strong willed woman again. Immediately she turns things around on Macbeth and simply points out that he implied that the murder was the only thing to do. Was the hoe drunk? Hath it slept since? And wakes it now to look so green and pale at what it did so freely? From this time, such I account thy love. She also says that if he is taking back all the things he said, she will assume that that is true about how strongly he loves her. This would hurt Macbeth and also come as quite a surprise as they have such an intense and loving relationship. Then more effectively she torments Macbeth about his masculinity by calling him a coward. Live a coward in thine own esteem. She knows Macbeth well enough to know that will upset him because he is publicly known as a heroic warrior, however it doesnt get the reaction she wants as he points out to her that he is merely a man. I dare do all that may become a man; who dares do more is none. Furthermore Lady Macbeth makes the ultimate taunt to persuade her husband to kill Duncan by saying she would kill their child. I have given suck and know how tender tis to love the babe that milks me: I would, while it was smiling in my face, have plucked my nipple from his boneless gums and dashed the brains out, had I sworn as you have done this. In saying this Lady Macbeth is playing her womanliness against Macbeths manliness by saying she would make the ultimate sacrifice to keep the promise he has made. She makes the point that she once was a mother, and she could remember the overwhelming love she felt for her child, but she would have given it all up to make Macbeth king. Lady Macbeth is also clever in realising she needs to use violent, disturbing, grotesque imagery for Macbeth as a shock tactic to convince him to murder Duncan, as this night is their perfect opportunity. At this point Macbeth offers no resistance to his wifes strength and force over him, as he knows he will not overcome her determination and extreme assertiveness, Bring forth men-children only, for thy undaunted mettle should compose nothing but males. He only questions what should happen if they were to fail, which she replies in an extremely optimistic, self assured and almost over confident manner, Who dares receive it other, as we shall make our griefs and clamour roar upon his death! The plan for the murder is organised and in act one, scene seven Macbeth leaves to complete it saying, almost wearily and sadly, I go and it is done. The bell invites me. Hear it not, Duncan, for it is knell that summons thee to heaven or hell. In act two, scene two, exhilarated by alcohol and anticipation Lady Macbeth awaits her husband to confirm that the murder is done. That which hath made them drunk, hath made me bold; what hath quenched them, hath given me fire. She has drugged Duncans bodyguards, but is afraid that Macbeth may have been too cowardly to carry out the murder. I have drugged their possets, that death and nature do contend about them, whether they live, or die. It is then, when Lady Macbeth reveals her single weakness up until this point, which is why she couldnt or wouldnt murder Duncan herself, Had he not resembled my father as he slept, I had donet. This is another facet of her character shown, as we start to see her humane side exposed and vulnerable. Following this Macbeth returns to Lady Macbeth to say he has completed the murder in a terrible state of remorse and fear of what will punish him of the crime he has just committed. Wherefore I could not pronounce Amen? I had most need of blessing, and Amen stuck in my throat. He is obsessively panicky because he cannot say Amen. It is then, that Lady Macbeth regains control of the situation and transforms into an iron willed woman again in order to hold Macbeth together. She says to him in an ironic and impatient manner, dismissing his hallucinations of a voice crying he had murdered sleep, These deeds must not be thought after these ways; so, it will make us mad. It is then when she sees that Macbeth has brought the bloody daggers back from the scene of the murder that she implicates herself and gets further involved with the murder; Macbeth refuses to return the daggers so she says, Give me the daggers. The sleeping and the dead are but as pictures; tis the eye of childhood that fears a painted devil. If he do bleed, Ill gild the faces of the grooms withal, for it must seem their guilt. From this point onwards Lady Macbeth and Macbeths relationship starts to change as they drift apart emotionally and physically. Their personas are dramatically reversed as Lady Macbeth who was once an iron willed, passionate, ambitious woman becomes extremely deranged and depressed. Her character develops and changes throughout the play as she is transformed from an ambitious, powerful woman to someone is full of regret and with a heart full of foreboding, which lies very heavily on her conscience. Paradoxically, Macbeths characteristics, his strong sense of morals and fairplay and a clear conscience are replaced with a tyrant personality and where little or no remorse at the taking of other peoples lives.

Analysing The Role Of Personal Choice In Euthanasia Philosophy Essay

Analysing The Role Of Personal Choice In Euthanasia Philosophy Essay Imagine for a minute that you have cancer with no cure in sight. As the days go by you keep getting worse and worse. You become very uncomfortable and unable to function on a daily basis. You live everyday in pain so unbearable that you can no longer get up out of bed. Life has become meaningless. You just want to end your life, but you cant, because in Indiana, physician assisted suicide is illegal. You end up dying a very painful death, one that no one should have to go through. Anyone who is terminally ill should have the right to die if they choose to. Everyone should be able to die with dignity and the satisfactory of a painless death. People who are opposed to physician assisted suicide are most likely uneducated about the subject. They see it as immoral and unethical because society makes it seem that way. However, if people were more educated on the subject they would be surprised to find out that it is actually a persons personal choice. There are many things one must do before being considered for the lethal medication. Physician assisted suicide provides the necessary means for a person to end their life, but the patient themselves have to actually administer the medication to end their own life. A patient can not walk into the doctors office and tell them they feel like dying today and have the doctor give them the lethal medication. In Oregon there are guidelines that must be followed first. A patient must be 18 years old, a resident of Oregon, capable of making healthcare decisions for him/herself, and be diagnosed with a terminal illness that will lead to death within six months(www.Oregon.gov). After tho se initial guidelines have been approved, it is totally up to the patient if they want to take the medication after it is prescribed. In March 1998, an Oregon woman dying of breast cancer asked her physician to prescribe a drug that would allow her to end her life-Later that month, she took it and became the first person in the U.S. to commit suicide with the help of a doctor legally(Robinson). Everyone should have that very right. Physician assisted suicide is a compassionate option for those who suffer and have reached a clear decision to end their lives peacefully(Woodward). We are allowed to choose to give our pets a humane death when they are in their final stages of life, yet we as humans are denied that very same right. It seems as if we respect our pets more then human dignity. Suppose you have a dog whom has been a part of your family for ten years. You love the dog as if it is a part of your family. One morning you awake to the dog whining and in excruciating pain. Immediately you pick the dog up, wrap it in a blanket and fly out of the door. You worst nightmare is unfolding in front of your eyes. You only want what is best for your beloved dog. You arrive at the veterinarian office and take the dog back into the examine room. There are many tests that have to be done before the cause of the pain can be determined. You sit in the waiting room for what seems like forever when finally the veterinarian comes out with the news your were dreading to hear. Your dog has cancer and it has spread throughout its whole body. A flood of emotions rush through your body and you can not contain the way you feel about the diagnosis. It is heartbreaking. You only want what is best for the dog right? If it is going to live a life full of pain, why prolong its life when you know it is going to be uncomfortable? Now, instead of a dog, put a human being in the place of the dog. Does it seem fair that we are able to end that dogs life and not a human being? Absolutely not! The laws need to be changed, so we as human beings have more rights to our own lives. Our government is denying us rights that we should have. A recent study done on characteristics and end of life care of 460 DWDA patients who died after ingesting a lethal dose of medication in Oregon during 1998-2009 shows just who, and why people chose to end their lives. According to the chart, males are more likely then females to ask for the lethal medication. The range is age between 75-84. Married people and whites are more likely to take the lethal medication. The underlying illness is cancer that brings most patients into the physicians office to ask for the lethal medication. Most of the people who took the medication were being taken care of by hospice. The main concern for the ending of the persons life was losing anatomy. Only forty out of four-hundred sixty people had complications after taking the medication, and those were minor. (www.Oregon.Gov) From that information, we can conclude that the lethal injection is relatively safe. The injection is painless, and takes effect almost immediately after it is taken. The patient w ill die peacefully and with the dignity they deserve. As with everything in life, there are both pros and cons to assisted suicide. The cons are very important and beneficial to the patient. Tremendous pain and suffering of patients can be saved(Messerli). Of course, taking the lethal medication will end all pain the patient is experiencing. Patients can die with dignity rather then have the illness reduce then to a shell of their former selves(Messerli). No one wants to be remembered as that person who was basically a vegetable. Healthcare costs can be reduced, which would save estates and lower insurance premiums(Messerli). Lets face it, insurance companies do not want people who are high risk on their policy. Nurse and doctor time can be feed up to work on savable patients(Messerli). More patients who do have a chance at life can get the care they truly deserve. Pain and anguish of the patients family can be lessened, and they can say their final goodbyes(Messerli). If the patients family knows ahead of time that the patient is going to pass away, there is time to say all those things they want to, while the patient is still able to understand and respond. Vital organs can be saved, allowing doctors to save the lives of others(Messerli). That is very rewarding to the patient who is dying, they know they will still live on through someone else and also they are saving another persons life. Many people commit suicide in a messy, and traumatic way because they do not have the option for assisted suicide, which is another clear cut point in why assisted suicide should be legal. There are also cons to physician assisted suicide. It violates the Hippocratic Oath(Messerli). Doctors are not supposed to harm a patient in any way, and giving them a lethal medication to die, is defiantly a way to harm a patient. Physician assisted suicide could open the floodgates to non-critical patient suicides and other abuse(Messerli). If it were legal, some people would try to take advantage of it. Certain religions prohibit suicide and the intentional killing of others However, isnt making someone suffer immoral and unjust? Doctors and patients may be prompted too soon to give up on recovery much too soon(Messerli). People can, and do recover from serious illnesses, but the numbers are not impressive enough to make physician assisted suicide illegal. Doctors are given too much power, and can sometimes be wrong(Messerli). There is not a one person who has ever been right their whole life. People make mistakes daily. Doctors have enough knowledge to know that a patient is goin g to die sooner or later, just because they are off by a few months, doesnt make physician assisted suicide a horrible thing. In the article titled Confronting Physician-Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia: My Fathers Death, Susan Wolf is faced with her father who is dying, and initially she is opposed to physician assisted suicide, until she has to witness her father die a very painful death right in front of her eyes. In the end she wrote. I would not want to bear the burden of having accelerated of causing his death by euthanasia or assisted suicide; this is hard enough. My fathers death made me rethink my objections to legalizing assisted suicide and euthanasia, but in the end it left me at ease with what Ive written(Wolf). This is a perfect example of why people should have the right to die, and the effects it has on family members. It has got to be horrifying to have to sit by and watch a family member die, a slow painful death. This can cause mental and emotional stress on both patient and loved ones. A concern among many who are opposed to physician-assisted suicide is that if it were to become legal, some people might feel they have a duty to die in order to avoid becoming a burden either to loved ones or to society(Woodward) This is valid reasoning, but that reasoning should not be based on that alone. I would feel like it would be more of a burden to continue living in continuous pain and suffering and putting myself a my family though months and sometimes years of torture then to be opposed to it. Why would it be a burden to end a life of someone who is telling you they do not want to live? It would be more abundant to end that persons life, and know that was the right thing to do. You could continue living on knowing you done the right thing and gave your loved one what they wanted. I did an interview with Oliver Newton, a cancer patient currently in hospice care who is dying of leukemia. His main concern was being a burden to his family members. He did not want his family t o feel as though they had an obligation to care for him. I would rather pass away peacefully then live in the pain I have been experiencing since 2008(Newton). When I asked him how he felt about physician assisted suicide, his reply was I wish that was an option in Indiana, if it were, I would defiantly take advantage of it(Newton). This was just one interview I did, and I could tell in this mans eyes that he was done living in the conditions which he is in. It is sad to see someone who feels as though their life is worth terminating. People in Olivers case should be granted the right to end his own life under his own terms. Medical experts say nearly three of every four people who are facing death experience moderate to severe pain, and that more than half die in pain. Too often, the pain could have been easedbut wasnt, they say(Carey). It is a tragic experience to have to go through so much pain in ones final days. It seems so unfair. Is it not enough that they are lying on their death bed? Apparently that isnt enough. It is inhumane and immoral to let a person suffer such an agonizing death. The odds of dying in pain are too high. There is no way of arguing against physician assisted suicide unless a person is actually put in the shoes for a day of someone who does have a terminal illness. Physician assisted suicide isnt hurting anyone. If one could just feel their pain for even a minute, people would change their minds about letting that person dye peacefully and painless. In a book titled Euthanasia and Physician Assisted Suicide (For and Against) Dworkin and Frey argue that physician-assisted suicide is morally permissible and that it ought to be legal for physicians to provide the knowledge or the means, or both, by which a patient can take his or her own life(Dworkin, Frey and Bok). They propose that autonomy and relief of suffering are important values and that dying patients have the right to make the process of dying as painless and dignified as possible and to control the time and manner of their death(Dworkin, Frey and Bok). It should be considered morally permissible for many reasons that too many people can not understand. It should be a patients right to use their freedom of speech and get what they so desperately need. It is unjust that we have to struggle so bad to get a law that we need so desperately. Since everyone would have to go through a screening before even being considered for the drug, it would almost be impossible to get it fo r no good reason. There are millions of people out there who need it terribly and are in dire need of relief. Anyone should be able to pick the time and manner of their death if they are terminally ill and dying anyway. That should be a right everyone should have. It is a shame that we do not have that. If someone chooses to die with the help of a physician, they should be allowed to. Physician assisted suicide should be legal in every state, with the same guidelines as Oregon. Everyone deserves to die with dignity. If animals have the right to die with dignity, then a human should be able too. The fact that animals have better rights then us as humans do, seems more immoral then legalizing physician assisted suicide. The pros by far outweigh the cons of legalizing physician assisted suicide. Someone who is opposed to physician assisted suicide needs to walk in the shoes of a person who is terminally ill and dying just so they know exactly what that person is going through. People need to be better educated about the subject and do research on it. Our society is not setting a good example for our future which is scary. A person deserves a lot more rights then what is legal right now. Anyone should legally be able to end their lives if they are terminally ill. They should be able to do so when they choose to with family members crowded around for their last good-bye. It is safe to say that living a dogs life is better then a humans.

King of the Delta Blues Singers: Robert Johnson Essay -- essays papers

King of the Delta Blues Singers: Robert Johnson The life of Robert Johnson, one of the most influential early blues artists, in shrouded by vague details and encompassed in mystery. His emotion filled playing and singing blends to form some of the most moving, original blues music ever produced. Ironically, despite being one of the top influences to blues music, little is known about the shy, mild mannered bluesman. "Almost nothing, is known about his life†¦ he is only a name on a few recordings." Where did he come from? Who was Johnson’s family. Who inspired Robert to play the blues and who influenced his music? Who exactly was Robert Johnson? Only the vague recollections of his friends and family link us to the mysterious life of Robert Johnson. From these accounts the story of Robert Johnson is brought to life, and the events which fueled his powerful music are pieced together. Robert Johnson was born on May eighth, 1911, in the heart of the Mississippi Delta. Robert was the eleventh child born to Mrs. Julia Dodds. Robert’s mother described little Robert as a playful little boy, who "Always used to be listenin, listenin to the wind or the chickens cluckin in the backyard or me, when I’d be singin round the house. And he just love church†¦ Little Robert set on my lap and try to keep time, look like, or hold on to my skirt and sort of jig up and down and laugh and laugh." (Lomax, 14) Thus, Robert was first introduced by his church into the world of music and was forever captured by its beauty. Mrs. Johnson didn’t have much trouble with Robert as a child but as he grew older, he became more and more intrigued about the extravagant life of the bluesmen, and taken by the spiritual music. He started following the musicians around, staying out all night, intrigued by the bluesman’s free lifestyle. Anyone that had a guitar, little Robert would follow off according to his mother. "Sometimes he wouldn’t come home," Robert’s mother recalls, "and a whippin never did him no good." Mrs. Johnson feared the worst for Robert, she believed the guitar was the instrument of the devil and that the music he listened to was full of sin. Robert would ease her worries by playing church songs to her, yet this never erased the fear she held inside for her son. Robert was captured by the mystery surrounding the life of the bluesmen. The women, gam... ...the blues. In 1990 a collection of Robert Johnson’s songs were put together in a two disk collection of his work. This CD set won a Grammy and sold over half a million copies. Johnson was inducted into the Hall of Fame twice, first in 1980 and again a second time as an early influence in 1986. Johnson’s mysterious, shadowy life and beautiful, emotion packed songs will continue to intrigue the minds of many for years to come. Bibliography: Booth, Stanley. Rhythm Oil. New York; Pantheon Books, 1991. Finn, Julio. The Bluesman. Brooklyn; Interlink Books, 1992. Guralnick, Peter. Searching For Robert Johnson. New York; Obelisk Books, 1989. "Johnson, Robert." CD-ROM. Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia 1996. Feb. 4. "Johnson, Robert." Encarta Online. Jan., 1999. Jan 23, 1999.. Lomax, Alan. The Land Where the Blues Began. New York; Pantheon Books, 1993. "Robert Johnson." Johnson, Robert. Dec., 1999. Jan. 23., 1999. . "Robert Johnson." Robert Johnson. May, 1999. Jan. 23.,1999. Shirley, David. Every Day I sing The Blues: The Story of B.B. King. Danbury; Grolier Publishing, 1995. "Welcome to the Crossroads" Robert Johnson. Jun., 1998. Jan., 1999..

Human Resource Management Essay -- Business, International Human Resou

Human resources are considered to be a potential source for competitive advantage. It is seen as the accumulation stock of knowledge; skills and abilities that individual possess which the firm has built over years through identifiable expertise (Cappelli and Singh, 1992). The success of firms can be measured from the ability to synthesise the firm’s HR with strategic objectives of the organisation. According to Klein et al. (1991:11), ‘If expertise manifestation behaviour is consistent on the formation of skills, it becomes a basis for competitive advantage’. The scholar further argues that a dedicated skill comes from employees’ continuous application of skills to a particular tasks, product and project. Through learning and strategic combinations of dedicated skills, skills are then transforms to core skills which then can promote new product and new market (). These resource capabilities are indeed helpful for MNC exploiting developing market to gain co mpetitive advantage and hereby increasing market share. However, there have been various strategic plans by MNC to successfully gain competitive advantage in developing market taking into account theoretical frameworks and issues emanating from parent company and host county-specific. The field of international human resources management has been characterised by three broad approaches which gives an insight on cross-cultural management issues (Laurent, 1986), comparative HRM research (Brewster, 1998; Hendry, 2003), and international HRM in multinational corporations. The latter is commonly recognised as international HRM which involves diverse complexities due to diversity of national contexts and different national categories of employees (Dowling and Welch, 2004). An impor... ...n et at. (1991), specifically and critically view IHR strategic relationship between the parent company and its subsidiaries. This relationship can be viewed in two ‘fits’. The first fit is the external-outside organisational fit which encompasses the level of fit between the subsidiaries IHR undertakings and the cross-national and cross-cultural environment that is operating in which includes across it boundaries. On the other hand, internal-outside fit is viewed as IHR activities of the subsidiary and the IHR activities across other MNC within its boundaries. In summary, this business strategy possess that a subsidiary needs to put into consideration its roles and standing within the MNC and well as its place amongst the local, national and global environment when developing IHR strategies. This business strategy consideration is illustrated on Figure 2.

The Reader :: Literature Literary Text Papers

The Reader In the academic study of literature very little attention has been paid to the ordinary reader, the subjective individual who reads a particular text. David S. Miall and Don Kuiken, in their paper The form of reading: Empirical studies of literariness state, Almost no professional attention is being paid to the ordinary reader, who continues to read for the pleasure of understanding the world of the text rather than for the development of a deconstructive or historicist perspective. The concerns that an ordinary reader seems likely to have about a literary text, such as its style, its narrative structure, or the reader's relation to the author, the impact on the reader's understanding or feelings - such concerns now seem of little interest. In this paper I should like to study a few kinds of reader and the subjectivity of their responses to the objectivity found within literary texts, quoting some views found within reader-response criticism. Before I begin, I should like to consider what is meant by the term 'literary text', and what is meant by the objectivity of it. According to Terry Eagleton, [1] the definition of 'literary', as advanced by the Russian formalists, (who included in their ranks are Viktor Shklovsky, Roman Jakobson, Osip Brik, Yury Tynyanov, Boris Eichenbaum and Boris Tomashevsky), is the peculiar use of language. Literature is said to transform and intensify ordinary language, deviating from the everyday colloquial tongue. The literariness of the language spoken could be determined by the texture, rhythm and resonance of the words used. There is a kind of disproportion between the signifier and the signified, by virtue of the abstract excesses of the language, a language that flaunts itself and evokes rich imagery. Eagleton argues that what distinguishes the literary language from other forms of discourse is the way it 'deforms' ordinary languages in various ways. Under the pressure of literary devices, ordinary language is intensified, condensed, twisted, telescoped, drawn out and turned on its head. [1] According to Wolfgang Iser, [2] a literary work has two poles; the aesthetic and the artistic. The artistic pole is the author's text, and the aesthetic is the realisation accomplished by the reader. Hence the literary work cannot be considered as the actualisation of, or identical to, the text, but is situated somewhere between the two. Iser speaks of the text as a virtual character that cannot be reduced to the reality of text or to the subjectivity of the reader, and it derives its dynamism from that virtuality.

Epic Conventions Essay

1. The story beings in medias res. In Medias Res is Latin for â€Å"it begins in the middle of things† and then has flashbacks to explain action leading up to that point. In Paradise Lost, for example, the story begins after Satan and his fellow rebellious angels have been cast from heaven, by God, into Hell. The war in heaven has taken place and Satan is making plans for the ruination of the coming realm of men, Earth, particularly Eden and God’s new creatures, Adam and Eve. 2. The story begins with an invocation (prayer) to a god or gods. The poet, Milton, attempts to recapture the Homeric tradition of reciting an epic poem to an audience, say at a feast. To that end he begins by calling for a blessing – for the Christian god whom he refers to in pagan terms as the â€Å"Heav’nly Muse,† Milton invokes the pagan ideology that the called upon god or muse came into the man therefore it was not the poet who recited, but the god in the poet’s body. Poet’s, then, were considered very sacred, for they could call down a god and have the god in them, at least temporarily. We continue to have the remnants of this belief, of course. We often think of poets or of any true artist as being different or touched by a special hand. In the case of the beginning of Paradise Lost, the poet says something like â€Å"Sing Heav’nly Muse†¦ say first what cause moved our grand parents in that happy state †¦ to fall off from their creator† 3. The story begins with a statement of theme. Always, because these poems are so long and so complex, although the basic stories would have been familiar to the audiences, the poet would begin with announcing what the recitation was to be about. That way, everyone could focus on and appreciate, not so much WHAT was being said, but the WAY THAT IT WAS PRESENTED. In essence, Milton’s Paradise Lost retells the story of Genesis but presents it as an epic poem. We are no stranger to that concept; we go to concerts where we may already know all of the song. So, we go to hear the presentation of the songs, which add to our concepts of the meaning and significance of those songs. 4. The story has many epithets. These epithets are re-naming of the characters, gods, or things by stock phrases. An example is the renaming of Satan as â€Å"th’ Arch-Enemy†, â€Å"th’ apostate angel†, â€Å"O Prince† or â€Å"O Chief of many throned Powers† and even â€Å"fall’n Cherub. † It is important for us to notice these epithets, first, because they add description, and second, because we get confused about who is doing what if we do not recognize the epithets as well as the names. 5. The story uses catalogues of things and characters; there are many lists, both long and short. Just as the Old Testament has catalogues of genealogies – you remember all those begets – just so do ancient epics keep track of the lists of history. In both Book One and Book Two of Paradise Lost, for example, there is a list of the principal angels who fell from grace as Satan’s compatriots. Also listed are their various names and places where they will be worshipped as gods of pagan faiths. 6. There are long formal speeches by many characters. You will not have any trouble spotting these. Sometimes they happen in the heat of battle and other seemingly inappropriate times, but more often they occur at various kinds of meetings, as in an assembly of chieftains. Book One of Paradise Lost is filled with such formal speeches, key among them Satan’s with his famous line â€Å"better to reign in Hell, than serve in Heav’n. † 7. Gods intervene in the affairs of human beings in these stories. For example, in Book Seven of Paradise Lost, Cherubim, Ithuriel and Zephon, sent by God to Eden, find Satan, â€Å"squat like a toad, close at the ear of Eve. † They confront him before more damage is done in terms of corrupting Eve. 8. Epics frequently have epic digressions. These are passages that do not further the action of the story because they are asides or because they are repetitions. Remember that these recitations did not have TV replay shots. The audience had to remember a vast amount of material, so redundancy or reminding them of background material would have been helpful to them. For example, In Book Seven of paradise Lost, Adam’s conversation with the angel Raphael becomes, in some instances, a recounting of Genesis and even digresses into the topic of angel’s mating habits. Yet another use for the digression is to provide a prologue of sorts, as an introduction seems overlooked due to the epic convention of beginning the poem in medias res. Also this aside more firmly orients the poem’s audience, given its vast setting, the cosmos. 9. The settings of these stories are vast. Paradise Lost is concerned with the mortal geocentric universe, from Hell to Chaos to the Earthly and Heavenly planes. The stories use the epic simile. An epic simile is a long comparison of two things that are in different classes. They make vivid an image and describes or clarifies. An example can be found in the extensive comparison of Satan, a fallen angel formerly the epitome of celestial light and beauty, to one of the Titans Briareos, whom led the revolt of the Titans against Zeus. Like Briareos, Satan is a vast creature covered in darkness. He is likened to Leviathan, a sea-beast, concealed in the ocean’s dark depths, or an illusory island hidden in the dark. But the great Leviathan, possibly the whale in Jonah’s unfortunate encounter, can rise from the imprisoning dark or return to it after becoming beached upon shore. Satan rose from the depths of Hell to enter Eden, though he could not of course remain. 10. The heroes embody the values of their civilization. In Milton’s time the medieval practice of physiognomy was still much employed. After Chaucer’s example in the Canterbury Tales, physical facade’s, particularly the face, are believed expressions of a person’s internal moral state. For example, much is made of Satan’s former beauty, an expression of the former purity of his ethical and moral internal being. His former beauty and grace, expressed in terms of light and luster become dim in his confrontation with Ithuriel and Zephon, Cherubim, formerly of a lesser angelic order than Satan, who still in the service of God retain that luminosity of his grace. Paradoxically, the description of Satan as a monstrous, leviathan-like figure is juxtaposed in the poem with his nearly angelic appearance. Fittingly, since Milton’s time, physiognomy has fallen out of usage, as many accept evil and malicious intent often has a comely facade.

Kids & Cops Essay

My essay is about what drugs backside do to you. Drugs and the community who supply drugs do not cargon about you and what happens to you as a person. The mess who give children drugs be not your friends Drugs can pass water a healthy child and change them indoors a matter of minutes. Drugs can sometimes put you in a hospital never to return home to your family, pets, friends, or school. Taking drugs can let plenty to never want to execute with you or be friends with you. Drugs can change your stainless personality.Parents will never let their kids play with other kids that do drugs. Kids who dont us drugs are afraid of people who use them. Parents and other people feeling down on people that do drugs and think less of them. Not precisely does drugs affect your outer looks it kills brain cells and causes you to do things without thinking of the consequences. You should always hang-up sober because drugs can lead to death. Drugs can cause brain damage, heart failure, l ung cancer, kidney failure and too car accidents.If you are using drugs era driving a car you could advantageously have a wreck and not only hurt yourself but take another life. Please dont use drugs. No matter what anyone says, drugs are BAD in any city, state, or country. Drugs and the people that use drugs and supply drugs are going nowhere in life. If you stay sober you can rest recount you have the chance of a actually successful life. Please use goodly judgement now and always, stay drug-free and dont hurt the people that love you the most

Organization Behavior Analysis Essay

Consequently, in the United States, establishmental look and man boardment researchers started analyze the graphic symbol that culture plays in the business community. The investigation led to rough confusion. several(prenominal) believed that the commonwealthal culture of Japan was the driving wildness behind the competitive successes of businesses in that country. To differents, however, it was the cultures of specific companies that created the advantage. My friendship engagements the Pluralism method. The first distinction to be made when studying culture is the train of analysisa nation versus a specific lodge.An private company constitutes the level of analysis. Therefore, organisational culture consists of a set of sh be meanings and honours held by a set of members in an face that distinguish the organization from other organizations. An organizations culture determines how it perceives and reacts to the larger environment (Becker, 1982 Schein, 1996). nuanc e determines the nature of an man-to-manistics experience in an organization in both for-profit companies and nonprofit enterprises. oer time, employees find proscribed how the company works, what is rewarded, and what is punished.Questions, answers, myths, stories, and jargon each become part of the organizational experience. When the person matches the organizational type, the fit produces the outflank chances for individual success. Company leading enjoy distinct advantages when an organization exhibits a lordly culture. Positive cultures are democratic and progressive. They nurture and range the contributions of members. Positive cultures tend to be more limber and holdable, making the organization better able to satisfy the challenges of a dynamic man (Benn, 2011). Organizational leaders have vested interests in trying to prepare arrogant cultures over time.Some studies suggest that culture female genitals play a larger role in employee motivation than pay (Giff ord, Zammuto, Goodman, & Hill, 2002). Organizational culture fuel alleviate managers reach their goals while helping employees adapt to company life. The benefits of a optimistic culture allow stability, employee self-importance-management, and assistance in integrating revolutionary employees into the workplace.communicating with the IRS for a tax incomepayer regarding the taxpayers rights, privileges, or liabilities under laws and regulations administered by the IRS. Representing a taxpayer at conferences, hearings, or meetings with the IRS. Preparing and filing documents, including tax returns, with the IRS for a taxpayer. Providing a client with written advice which has a potential for tax barance or evasion. Furnishing knowledge at the request of the IRS or appearing as a witness for the taxpayer is non practice onward the IRS. Other individuals who may serve as exemplifyatives. Because of their special relationship with a taxpayer, the following individuals shtup even off the specified taxpayers onwards the IRS, provided they present satisfactory appellative and, except in the case of an individual depict in (1) below, proof of potence to represent the taxpayer.An individual. An individual fuck represent himself or herself before the IRS and does not have to file a written settlement of qualification and authority. 2. A family member. An individual can represent members of his or her immediate family. Immediate family includes a spouse, child, parent, brother, or sister of the individual. 3. An officer. A bona fide officer of a stool (including a parent, subsidiary, or other affiliated corporation), association, or organized group can represent the corporation, association, or organized group.An officer of a governmental unit, agency, or authority, in the course of his or her official duties, can represent the organization before the IRS. 4. A partner. A general partner may represent the alliance before the IRS. 5. An employee. A regul ar full-time employee can represent his or her employer. An employer can be, but is not limited to, an individual, partnership, corporation (including a parent, subsidiary, or other affiliated corporation), association, trust, receivership, guardianship, estate, organized group, governmental unit, agency, or authority. . A fiduciary. A fiduciary (trustee, executor, personal representative, administrator, receiver, or guardian) stands in the position of a taxpayer and acts as the taxpayer, not as a representative.Submit a world power of lawyer when you want to authorize an individual to represent you before the IRS, whether or not the representative behaves any of the other acts cited earlier under What Is a Power of Attorney. A power of attorney is most often call for when you want to authorize another individual to perform at least one of the following acts on your behalf. . Represent you at a meeting with the IRS. 2. engineer and file a written response to the IRS. all day org anizational operations involve processes and activities that are construed by many as distasteful or unpleasant parts of employment because they involve the use of authority, power, or politics. The word politics has a ban connotation for many masses. Although they may try to avoid political situations, wishing them away is not possible. Furthermore, not every use of power has a proscribe intention or outcome.Managers can exert power to accomplish legitimate organizational goals. The end dissolver may be an increase or belittle in personal power, and the events may be construed as being political or simply as doing his or her communication channel. I think that this brings out a positive outcome. The three types of authority are controversy authority, staff authority, and chokeal authority. Line authority is direct, imposing authority, as indicated by the vertical lines of an organization chart. supply authority consists of the right to advise, or give advice. operable authority is the right to direct but not to discipline. It emerges when an individual has been assigned a leadership role on a task force, project team, or committee. The type of authority that Internal Revenue avail is mainly line authority. I think that this brings out a positive outcome. Employee tariff, or accountability, is the obligation to sustain out tasks as assigned by the supervisor. for each one individual in a company is responsible for(p) to the manager at the next level up in the organizations hierarchy.The concept of parity bit of authority and responsibility states that equal levels of authority and responsibility should exist in each position (Fayol, 1916). Anyone who has authority should be held accountable for how that authority is used. Anyone being held responsible should have sufficient authority to get the demarcation done. This is done in a positive manner. It gets the job done. If a manager motivates the unit, it brings out a positive outcome. A ple asant and positive job scope contributes to individual and company success by modify employees to do their best work.Through processes such as mentoring and rewarding, which help to build self-efficacy and self-esteem in individual workers, motivated behaviors can be increased. A company with an unpleasant physical environment, poor reward system, categoric or inept supervisors, or counterproductive heathenish norms limits motivated behaviors (Kamdar & Van Dyne, 2007). Emotional Intelligence explains why, disrespect equal intellectual capacity, training, or experience, some people excel while others of the same caliber put away behind.Certain competencies are found repeatedly in high performers at all levels, from customer operate representatives to CEOs. As trainers we essential find ways to build these talents labeled EQ ( mad intelligence quotients). Research has shown that ablaze intelligence, which encompasses self confidence, can be developed through and through thing s deal awareness, training, coaching, and practice. That is why a growing quash of organizations in the US and around the world is invest in providing their managers with training in emotional intelligence.The expiry then is that if you are looking to build your self confidence as an important step toward achieving your dreams in life, you should consider taking some training or coaching that helps you develop your emotional intelligence. If you are a trainer or a coach, you should consider adding emotional intelligence to your offerings to help your clients build the confidence to achieve their dreams. The industriousness of the New Sciences to the management of organizations in the age of hyper competition bequeath also be investigated, in order to see whether it could improve our understanding and keenness into the modern business organization.Due to the fact that this is a in the raw and exciting way of managing a business, the come in of research literature available i s limited. As always, when submission such uncharted waters, more questions will be raised than answers given, but this is indicative of a new concept, and leaves room for more intensive research which will provide a greater understanding of the value added by this management paradigm. Margaret Wheatley (1994) turns to the New Sciences to demonstrate how some of the issues discussed above might be accommodated.She shows how the New Sciences including Quantum Physics, nuthouse Theory, Chemistry, and Molecular Biology provide insights into transforming how organizations organize work, people and life, in order to meet the strategical imperatives defined by DAveni. In particular, Wheatley draws on the New Sciences to apply scientific concepts to the problems of order/ turn autonomy/ control structure/ flexibility and training/ innovation within organizations, and in so doing, calls, respectively, for free-flowing information, individual empowerment, relationship networks, and or ganizational change that evolves organically.This new onslaught to organizations is a dramatic shift away from view of organizations in mechanistic terms, as collections of replaceable parts, where leadership seeks prediction and control. A paradigm shift like this can only take place successfully if the necessity tools and mechanisms are available to support the application of the fundamental insights, offered by the New Sciences, to the complex adaptative system, i. e. the Organization .ConclusionIn summary, career using includes all efforts and activities conducted by individual employees and the organization to help each person choose and follow the best path. The primary concepts that apply to personal success are building an ethical foundation, becoming involved in training and preparation, finding the right person-organization fit, engaging in continuous improvement, and achieving balance. Organizational invites also must be met to fully achieve a character career dev elopment system. The age of the virtual organization is fast becoming a macrocosm.The implications of this have to be dealt with urgently in the new millennium, as the espousal of ever newer technologies and the acclivitous trends discussed earlier will deal to manifest at an exponential rate. What is also make water is that the traditional management framework is increasingly proving itself unable(predicate) of satisfactorily dealing with the new market reality Conventional theories and practices no longer provide the necessary guidance and support for decision-making in a world of change, complexity and uncertainty.It is this, then, that is driving the move towards a new management paradigm, in terms of which the management function will be radically redefined to take emerging realities into consideration. If companies are to prosper to be drivers of their industries they will need to proactively embrace a new management school of thought that is cognizant of the dynamics of information science, accelerating change, a borderless world, the holistic approach, the New Sciences, as well as the harvest-feast of technology, and, in the words of Vernor Vinge,the dawn of the Technological Singularity.